Further information on whole life performance
Publications
Whole life costing
Building - Specifier Building Technical Supplement series which explore the whole life cost and life cycle cost issues related to specific components. Variously titled 'What it costs' (from September 2006), 'How much it costs' (July and August 2006) and 'Building Specifier Costs' (October 2004 to June 2006) and 'Lifetime Costs' (2002-2003) by Peter Mayer available through Building.co.uk
- Full metal packet - metal roof coverings, February 2002
- Timber and PVCu windows, April 2002
- Covering generations - wall claddings, June 2002
- Divide and conquer - partitioning systems, August 2002
- Flat rates - flat roof coverings, September 2002
- Durable floors, November 2002
- Sanitaryware for hospitals, February 2003
- Pitched roof coverings, March 2003
- Social housing - secured by design, April 2003
- Disabled access for new and existing buildings, May 2003
- Bricks and insulation, June 2003
- Renders, July 2003
- Entrance doors, September 2003
- Structural floors, October 2003
- Schools, November 2003
- Roof coverings, 22 October 2004
- Secured by design standards, 5 November 2004
- Baths, 19 November 2004
- Healthcare wall finishes, December 2004
- Laminated wood flooring, January 2005
- Metal self-supporting roof coverings, January 2005
- Off site construction, 18 February 2005
- Stone cladding, 4 March 2005
- Toilet cubicles, 18 March 2005
- Doorsets, 1 April 2005
- Condensing boilers, 15 April 2005
- Floor decking, 6 May 2005
- Sealants, 20 May 2005
- Single ply membrane roof covering, 3 June 2005
- Retail lighting, 1 July 2005
- Prefabricated structural panels, 15 July 2005
- Passive ventilation for offices, 5 August 2005
- Rainwater harvesting, 9 September 2005
- Acoustic flooring, 23 September 2005
- Domestic kitchens, 7 October 2005
- Fire protection of structural steel, 21 October 1005
- Coated steel external wall claddings, 4 November 2005
- Solar heating collection systems, 18 November 2005
- Industrial doors, 2 December 2005
- Anti-bacterial components, 6 January 2006
- High performance roof waterproofing felts, 3 February 2006
- Timber external wall claddings, 3 March 2006
- Out of plane roof lights, 7 April 2006
- Entrance matting, 5 May 2006
- Liquid roof waterproofing systems, 2 June 2006
- Curtain walling, 7 July 2006
- Hard water treatment, 4 August 2006
- Photovoltaics, 22 September 2006
- Part L and insulation, 20 October 2006
- Internal doors, 17 November 2006
- Mechanical ventilation for offices, 5 January 2007
- Pitched roof coverings, 2 February 2007
- Ceramic wall coverings, 2 March 2007
- Windows, 6 April 2007
- Carpets, textile floor coverings, 5 May 2007
- Pitched roof drainage, 1 June 2007
- Solar shading, 6 July 2007
- CHP, 3 August 2007
- Fences for housing, 21 September 2007
- Steel structural coatings, 19 October 2007
- Wind turbines, 16 November 2007
- Safety flooring, 25 January 2008
- Social Housing BLP HA LCC database, 22 February 2008
- Education internal non-loadbearing partitions, 21 March 2008
- BREEAM Schools and sustainable materials, 25 April 2008
- Automatic doors, 23 May 2008
- Bathroom pods, 20 June 2008
- Thermal insulation, 18 July 2008
- Garage doors, 5 September 2008
- Green roofs, 3 October 2008
IFPI, Whole-life Economics of Building Services, IFPI Ltd, 2005 (ISBN 0 904237 265)
Component performance
BLP Construction Durability Database, this web-based component durability database includes updated material based on:
- Construction Audit Limited, HAPM Component Life Manual (Spon, 1992),
- Building Performance Group, BPG Building Fabric Component Life Manual (Spon, 1999),
- Building Performance Group, BLP Building Services Component Life Manual, (Blackwell Science, 2000).
BSI, British Standard guide to durability of buildings and building elements, products and components, BS 7543:2003, British Standards Institute, London, 2003
CIBSE, Guide to Ownership and Maintenance of Building Services, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London, 2000
BCIS, Life Expectancy of Building Components, BCIS Ltd, London, 2006
PSA, Costs-in-Use Tables, HMSO, London 1991
Howard, N., Shiers, D., and Sinclair, M., The Green Guide to Specification (3rd edition), Blackwell Publishing, 2002
Dell'Isola, A. J. and Kirk, S. J., Life Cycle Costing for Design Professionals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995
Advice on whole life performance and costs
Housing Corporation, Scheme Development Standards (5th edition), Housing Corporation, London, 2003
Latham, M., Constructing the Team, HMSO, London, 1994
Egan, J., Rethinking Construction, HMSO, London, 1998
Construction Procurement Guidance, Number 7, Whole life costs, Office of Government Commerce, 2003
Constructing the Best Government Client. Achieving Sustainability in Construction Procurement. Sustainability Action Plan, Office of Government Commerce, 2000
BSI, Buildings and constructed assets - service life planning, BS ISO 15686, British Standards Institute, London (Part 1: 2000 General principles, Part 2: 2001 Service life prediction procedures)
DHSS, Health Building Note 1 Buildings for the Health Service, Department of Health and Social Security and the Welsh Office, 1998
HM Treasury, The Green Book: Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government, The Stationery Office, London, 2003
NHS Estates, Advice to Trusts on the Main Components of the Design Brief for Healthcare Buildings, Design Brief Working Group, 2002
Guidance for applications for PFI credit support for projects aiming to sign in the financial year 2004-2005, Department for Education and Skills, London
Public Private Partnership Programme (4Ps), Options Appraisal and the Outline Business Case 4Ps Guidance
CABE, Client Guide: Achieving well designed schools through PFI, Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, London, 2002
DfES Building Bulletin 98: Briefing Framework for Secondary School Projects
Ancell, D. J., Gruneberg, S. L., Hirst, L. A. and Hughes, W. P., 'Exposing the myth of the 1:5:200 ratio relating initial cost, maintenance and staffing costs of office buildings', in Khoswowshahi, F. (ed), Procs 20th Annual ARCOM Conference, 1-3 Sept. 2004, Edinburgh, UK. Reading: ARCOM, 1, 373-382
TRADA, Life cycle costing, Wood Information Sheet 4-31, TRADA Technology Ltd, 2008
BSI, PD 156865: 2008, Standardized Method of Life Cycle Costing for Construction Procurement. A supplement to ISO 15686-5. Buildings and constructed assets. Service life planning. Part 5: Life cycle costing, British Standards Institute, 2008
BSI, ISO 15686-5: 2008, Buildings and constructed assets. Service life planning. Part 5: Life cycle costing, British Standards Institute, 2008
BSRIA, Whole-Life Costing Analysis, BG5/2008, BSRIA, 2008
Publications
Bartlett, E., Dickie, I. and Edwards, S., Whole life costing and life-cycle assessment for sustainable building design, BRE Digest 452, Building Research Establishment, Garston, 2000
Boussabaine, A. and Kirkham, R., Whole Life-Cycle Costing: Risk and Risk Responses, Blackwell Science, 2003 (ISBN 1 40510 786 3)
Flanagan, R. and Jewell, C., Whole Life Appraisal: for construction, Blackwell Science, 2005 (ISBN 0 63205 046 2)
Ellingham, I. and Fawcett, W., New Generation Whole-Life Costing: Property and Construction Decision-Making Under Uncertainty, 2006, Spon Press (ISBN 0 41534 658 4)
Legislation
Finance Acts can have implications for whole life costs. For example:
- the Capital Allowances Act 2001: Capital allowances give taxpayers relief for certain kinds of expenditure. The Act deals with who gets relief for what expenditure, when and how. Allowances are available for: plant and machinery; industrial buildings; and agricultural buildings among others.
- the Finance Act 2004: Finance Acts, issued each year, define among other items tax rates, expenses and accounting practice.
- the Finance Act 2001: for 100% enhanced capital allowances for investments in energy-saving technologies.
See also
Environmental Impact Assessment, RICS guidance note, 2007
isurv building surveying
See also Planned maintenance.