Building information modelling

The development of computer-aided design and storage capacity of data has paved the way for the development of the concept of building information modelling (BIM). The earliest and most common design forms that most architects, engineers and surveyors became accustomed to in their training were in 2D. Drawings took the form of plans and elevations. The development of computer aided design paved the way for 3D modelling. This development has further allowed virtual tours of buildings in their design stages.

From this starting point we can look at 2 further dimensions beyond width, height, and depth, cost and time. Cost is meaningless without detailed specifications. Time is relative with respect to construction and life expectancy of components. This data can now be stored electronically to the benefit of subsequent users such as designers and contractors.

The concept is far from novel. Car manufacturers, for example, store data about sources of components on their data systems and this enables them to track supplier’s components and monitor performance. Any component failure can be managed and the recall process undertaken effectively.

So why has construction been slow in the uptake? The answer must lie in the fragmented nature of construction and the lack of demand from clients.

That changed after October 2010 when Paul Morrell, the government’s chief advisor on construction, stated that BIM would play a large part in government procurement policy. The government recognises that there are huge benefits from BIM in construction and at the post-occupancy stage.

The UK government’s BIM strategy paper published in June 2011 sets out the intention to require collaborative BIM working on projects by 2016.

Current research by BCIS for RICS clearly shows that there is a ‘lack of awareness’ within the industry however practitioners need to be aware of the requirements of BIM for applying contractual procedures. Contracts such as the Minor Works do provide for variations and the contract is the tool for the control of variations.

Practitioners must record and ensure that details of variations are recorded for BIM purposes. Contractors must be aware that they will be required to provide data and contract administrators should record that data. It is, therefore, essential that changes to specification and variations are recorded in sufficient detail to be effective with respect to BIM. Numerous situations occur where contractors use alternative or equivalent products and these, while not immediately apparent, require recording.

While the initial drive will be from government-sponsored projects, private-sector clients will follow.