Summary of elemental definitions and measurement

Element
Functional definition
Measurement* 3rd edition reference
1.1 Substructure To transfer the load of the building to the ground and to isolate it horizontally from the ground. Area of lowest floor measured to the internal face of the external wall (as for gross internal floor area) (m²). 1A
2.1 Frame To provide a full or partial system of structural support, where this is not provided by other elements. Area of floors related to the frame measured to internal face of external walls (as for gross internal floor area) (m²). 2A
2.2 Upper floors To provide floor space on upper levels (i.e. above the lowest floor level). Total area of upper floor measured to the internal face of the external wall (as for gross internal floor area) (m²). 2B
2.3 Roof
To provide the horizontal component of the external enclosing envelope. Area on plan measured to the internal face of the external wall (m²). 2C
2.4 Stairs and ramps To allow vertical circulation. Number of storey flights (Nr), i.e. the number of staircases multiplied by the number of floors served (excluding the lowest floor served in each case). 2D
2.5 External walls To provide the vertical component of the external enclosing envelope in conjunction with 2.6 Windows and external doors. Area of external walls measured on the inner face (excluding openings measured as for 2.6 Windows and external doors) (m²). NB: the total of the area of 2.5 External walls and 2.6 Windows and external doors should equal the area of the vertical enclosure. 2E
2.6 Windows and external doors To allow access through external walls for physical movement, natural ventilation and light, and to provide the vertical component of the external enclosing envelope in conjunction with 2.5 External walls. Total area of windows and external doors measured over frames (m²). NB: the total of the area of 2.5 External Walls and 2.6 Windows and External Doors should equal the area of the vertical enclosure. 2F
2.7 Internal walls and partitions To divide the floor space. Total area of internal walls and partitions measured on the centreline over door openings and the like (m²). 2G
2.8 Internal doors To allow physical circulation between internally divided floor space. Number of doors (door openings) (Nr). 2H
3.1 Wall finishes To provide a functional and/or decorative finish to walls. Total area of finished walls (m²), i.e. the area of wall to which the finish is applied. 3A
3.2 Floor finishes To provide a functional and/or decorative finish to floors. Total area of finished floor, i.e. area of floor to which finish is applied (m²). 3B
3.3 Ceiling finishes To provide a functional and/or decorative finish to ceilings. Total area of finished ceilings, i.e. area of ceiling to which finish is applied (m²). 3C
4.1 Fittings, furnishings and equipment To provide functional and/or decorative items. Gross internal floor area (m²). 4A
5.1 Sanitary installations

To provide sanitary appliances.

Number of fittings (Nr). 5A
5.2 Services equipment To provide serviced equipment. Number of fittings (Nr). 5B
5.3 Disposal installations To remove liquid and solid waste from the building. Number of fittings serviced (Nr). 5C
5.4 Water installations To provide water and steam. Floor area serviced by water installation (m²). 5D
5.5 Heat source To provide a central source of heat. Rating in kilowatts (kW). 5E
5.6 Space heating and air conditioning To control the internal temperature and/or air quality. Treated floor area (m²). 5F
5.7 Ventilation systems To provide the movement of air. Treated floor area (m²). 5G
5.8 Electrical installations To provide electrical power, and to control the light levels (electrically). Floor area serviced by electrical installation (m²). 5H
5.9 Fuel installations To provide fuel as a source of energy. Floor area serviced by the systems using the fuel (m²). 5I
5.10 Lift and conveyor installations To provide vertical and horizontal mechanical transportation. Number of stops (Nr), i.e. the number of lifts multiplied by the number of floors served (excluding the lowest floor served in each case), include non-stopping floors of express lifts. 5J
5.11 Fire and lightning protection To protect the building and its inhabitants from hazards. Floor area serviced (protected) (m²). 5K
5.12 Communication, security and control installations To provide systems for communication to and between inhabitants for information and security. Floor area serviced (m²). 5L
5.13 Specialist installations To provide electrical and mechanical systems related to the user function of the building, not included elsewhere. Floor area serviced (m²). 5M
5.14 Builder’s work in connection with services To provide builder’s work for services. Gross internal floor area (m²). 5N
6 Prefabricated buildings and building units To provide enclosed usable floor area installed as a prefabricated unit. Note: Not a building element; included to account for general works that cannot be allocated to elements. Floor area measured as for gross internal floor area for each unit (m²). Allocated to 2A
7.1 Minor demolition and alteration works Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of general works that cannot be allocated to elements. Floor area of building subject to stripping out (m²).

Allocated to elements

8.1 Site preparation works To prepare the site for building. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6A
8.2 Roads, paths, pavings and surfacings To provide usable hard surfaces. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6A
8.3 Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems To provide usable soft surfaces and decorative and usable planting. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6A
8.4 Fencing, railings and walls To enclose and divide the site. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6A
8.5 External fixtures To provide fittings required to make the site usable. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6A
8.6 External drainage To remove liquid waste from the building and the site. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6B
8.7 External services To provide services to the building and the site. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6C
8.8 Minor building works and ancillary buildings To provide buildings required by external services and minor buildings to support the function of the building. Area of external works (m²), i.e. site area excluding the building footprint. 6D
0.1 Toxic/hazardous/contaminated material treatment Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of works in preparing the site. Site area (m²). 6A
0.2 Major demolition works Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of works in preparing the site. Gross internal floor area of buildings demolished (m²). 6A
0.3 Temporary support to adjacent structures Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of works in preparing the site. The area walls supported (m²). 6A
0.4 Specialist ground works Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of works in preparing the site. Site area (m²). 6A
0.5 Temporary diversion works Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of works in preparing the site. Site area (m²). 6A
0.6 Extraordinary site investigation Not a functional element; included to account for the cost of works in preparing the site. Site area (m²). 6A

* See Part 5 Element definitions for further guidance on measurement.